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SQL Server中数据该如何导入导出？

a8116255316年前 (2010-06-24)系统运维9

在涉及到SQL Server编程或是管理时一定会用到数据的导入与导出, 导入导出的 *** 有多种,结合我在做项目时的经历做一下汇总:

1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.

导入向导,微软提供了多种数据源驱动,包括SQL Server Native Cliant, OLE DB For Oracle,Flat File Source,access,Excel,XML等,基本上可以满足系统开发的需求.

同样导出向导也有同样多的目的源驱动,可以把数据导入到不同的目的源.

对数据库管理人员来说这种方式简单容易操作,导入时SQL Server也会帮你建立相同结构的Table.

2. 用.NET的代码实现(比如有一个txt或是excel的档案,到读取到DB中)

2.1 最为常见的就是循环读取txt的内容,然后一条一条的塞入到Table中.这里不再赘述.

2.2 *** 整体读取,使用OLEDB驱动.

代码如下:

string strOLEDBConnect = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:1; Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited'"; OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strOLEDBConnect);conn.Open(); SQLstmt = "select * from 1.txt"; //读取.txt中的数据DataTable dt=new DataTable();OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(SQLstmt, conn);da.Fill(dt); //在DataSet的指定范围中添加或刷新行以匹配使用DataSet、DataTable 和IDataReader 名称的数据源中的行。 if(dt.Rows.Count>0) foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows) { SQLstmt = "insert into MyTable values('" + dr..." 3.BCP,可以用作大容量的数据导入导出,也可以配合来使用.

语法:

bcp {[[database_name.][schema].]{table_name | view_name} | "query"} {in | out | queryout | format} data_file [-mmax_errors] [-fformat_file] [-x] [-eerr_file] [-Ffirst_row] [-Llast_row] [-bbatch_size] [-ddatabase_name] [-n] [-c] [-N] [-w] [-V (70 | 80 | 90 )] [-q] [-C { ACP | OEM | RAW | code_page } ] [-tfield_term] [-rrow_term] [-iinput_file] [-ooutput_file] [-apacket_size] [-S [server_name[instance_name]]] [-Ulogin_id] [-Ppassword] [-T] [-v] [-R] [-k] [-E] [-h"hint [,...n]"] 请注意数据导入导出的方向参数:in,out,queryout

如:

4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据

语法:

BULK INSERT [ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ] FROM 'data_file' [ WITH ( [ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ] [ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ] [ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ] [ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE = { 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ] [ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ] [ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ] [ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ] [ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ] [ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ] [ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ] [ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ] [ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ] [ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ] [ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ] [ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ] [ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ] [ [ , ] TABLOCK ] [ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ] )] 重要参数:

FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符

FIRSTROW:之一个数据行

ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符

如:

BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest FROM 'C:ImportData.txt' WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )

5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入 *** 不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.

语法:

OPENROWSET ( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password' | 'provider_string' } , { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object | 'query' } | BULK 'data_file', { FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ <bulk_options> ] | SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }} )<bulk_options> ::= [ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ] [ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ] [ , FIRSTROW = first_row ] [ , LASTROW = last_row ] [ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ] [ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ] 如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Excel 8.0;Database=C:ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]' WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL)

6.OPENDATASOURCE

语法:

OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string ) 如:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'Data Source=C:ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]

7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.

语法:

OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query') 如:

EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData', 'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'C:ImportData.xls', NULL, 'Excel 8.0' GO INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')